|
''Yuan Phai'' ((タイ語:ยวนพ่าย), also known as ''Lilit Yuan Phai'', , see below for details), "Defeat of the Yuan," is a historical poem in the Thai language about rivalry between Siam and Lanna culminating in a battle that took place in 1474/5 at the place now called Si Satchanalai. The Yuan are the people of Lanna or Yonok, then an independent kingdom in the upper reaches of the Chao Phraya River basin with a capital at Chiang Mai. The poem was written to celebrate King Boromma Trailokanat of Ayutthaya (r. 1448-1488), the victor. The poem was probably written soon after the battle. It counts among only a handful of works of Thai literature from the Early Ayutthaya era that have survived, and may be still in its original form, without later revisions. The main body of the poem consists of 1,180 lines in a variant of the ''khlong'' ((タイ語:โคลง)) meter. The poem is considered important as a source of historical information, as an example of poetic form and style, and as a repository of early Ayutthayan Thai language. A definitive edition was published by the Royal Institute of Thailand in 2001. ==Historical background== By the 14th century, there were three centers of power in the Chao Phraya River basin: Lanna, a confederation of cities in the upper reaches of the basin with a capital usually sited at Chiang Mai; Siam, a confederation of cities near the coast with a capital at Ayutthaya from 1350; the old Sukhothai Kingdom in the middle reaches, now generally known as the Northern Cities ((タイ語:เมืองเหนือ) ''Mueang Nuea''), with a capital at Phitsanulok. From the late 14th century, Lanna and Siam vied to control the Northern Cities and thus dominate the whole basin. Siam gradually absorbed the Northern Cities by a process that was largely peaceful. The Ayutthaya and Sukhothai ruling families exchanged marriage partners over several generations. People relocated between the two regions, particularly nobles from the Northern Cities absorbed into the Ayutthaya official nobility. The accession of King Trailokanat in 1448 was a significant step in this process as he was descended from the Ayutthaya and Sukhothai ruling families on the male and female side respectively. Soon after this accession, Phraya Yutthisathian ((タイ語:ยุธิษเฐียร)), a prince of the Sukhothai family, rebelled against Ayutthaya and took his followers to Chiang Mai. According to the ''Chiang Mai Chronicle'', when Yutthisathian and Trailokanat were childhood friends in Phitsanulok, Trailokanat had promised that on becoming king he would appoint Yutthisathian as ''upparat'' or deputy king, governing the northern part of the merging domain, but reneged and made him only governor of Phitsanulok. Possibly this story is the way the chronicle conveys a wider opposition to the creeping merger among the Sukhothai nobility. King Tilokkarat of Chiang Mai (r.1441-1487) had already greatly expanded the Lanna domain by absorbing Phrae and Nan. Yutthisathian encouraged him extend his power over the Northern Cities, leading to a series of battles between Siam and Lanna over the next thirty years. In 1463, Trailokanat relocated his capital to Phitsanulok, probably as part of this struggle. The city of Chiang Chuen ((タイ語:เชียงชื่น)) became key to this struggle because of its strategic position on a route between Phitsanulok and Chiang Mai. Chiang Mai seems to have controlled the place from the late 1460s. Although the poem presents the battle as a great victory, it did not settle the contest between Siam and Lanna over the Northern Cities which continued intermittently until the mid 16th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yuan Phai」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|